After the fall of Benito Mussolini on 25 July 1943, the new government under Marshal Pietro Badoglio negotiates with the Allies. The armistice is signed on 3 September 1943 and announced on 8 September. On 10 September, the release of ‘nationals of an enemy state’ from the concentration camps (campi di concentramento) is decreed. Political internees and other categories of prisoners had already been released earlier. ‘Gypsies’ are disregarded and are therefore not yet released.